International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology

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The International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology (2004), :1-6 Cambridge University Press
Copyright © 2004 Collegium Internationale Neuropsychopharmacologicum
DOI 10.1017/S1461145704004432
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Focus

Focus on CaMKII: a molecular switch in the pathophysiology and treatment of mood and anxiety disorders

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Jing Du a1, Steven T. Szabo a1, Neil A. Gray a1 and Husseini K. Manji a1c1

a1 Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA

Mood and anxiety disorders are common, severe, chronic, and often life-threatening illnesses (Kaufman and Charney, 2000; Manji et al., 2001). There is a growing appreciation that, far from being diseases with purely psychological manifestations, severe mood and anxiety disorders are systemic diseases with deleterious effects on multiple organ systems. Indeed, a World Health Organization study has reported that depression is the leading global cause of years of life lived with a disability and the fourth leading cause of disability-adjusted life-years. Stressful life events have a substantial causal association with these disorders, and there is now compelling evidence that even early life stress constitutes a major risk factor for the subsequent development of depression (Charney and Manji, In Press). The emerging evidence suggests that the combination of genetics, early life stress, and ongoing stress may ultimately determine individual responsiveness to stress and the vulnerability to psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders.


(Received January 18 2004)
(Reviewed February 15 2004)
(Revised February 22 2004)
(Accepted February 24 2004)


Correspondence:
c1 Dr H. K. Manji, Laboratory of Molecular Pathophysiology Mood and Anxiety Disorders Program, National Institute of Mental Health, 9000 Rockville Pike, Building 10, Unit 3 West, Room 3s250, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. Tel.: (301) 451 8441 Fax: (301) 480 0123 E-mail: manjih@intra.nimh.nih.gov